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最近研究kickstart启动，来一篇centos装ubuntu12的文档共享给大家，供大家参考。是经过本人反复测试完善的。
centos6.2 with kickstart网络启动自动安装Ubuntu 12.04(vsftpd+DHCP+TFTP)
参考文章 1、http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-06/62441.htm 2、百度文库《Ubuntu12.04lts的pxe安装及拾遗》 3、http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-10957-1-1.html #在网络启动的centos服务器上安装kickstart所需软件（如果用dnsmasq+httpd的话，会方便很多，且易于管理；因为dnsmasq=dhcp+tftp+xinetd） yum install dhcp tftp* xinetd vsftpd 或yum install -y dnsmasq
vim /etc/dnsmasq.conf把如下行注释去掉并修改
bogus-priv
filterwin2k
dhcp-range=192.168.44.100,192.168.44.120,12h
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0
enable-tftp
tftp-root=/var/lib/tftpboot
dhcp-authoritative
#以下是使用vsftpd+DHCP+TFTP的情形
#启用tftp
sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 将/var/lib/tftpboot链接到/tftpboot ln -s /var/lib/tftpboot /tftpboot 挂载光盘镜像并复制网启文件到tftp mkdir /mnt/cd mount -o loop -t auto ~/iso/ubuntu-12.04.4-server-amd64.iso /mnt/cd cp -rv /mnt/cd/install/netboot/* /tftpboot 修改启动菜单 vim /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 将timeout后的0改成30表示3秒自动选择 vim /tftpboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64/boot-screens/txt.cfg 修改label cli上面的那行，改成下面这样 append initrd=ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz ks=ftp://192.168.44.250/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12/ks.cfg live-installer/net-image=ftp://192.168.44.250/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12/install/filesystem.squashfs 在ftp目录中放上安装源 mkdir -p /var/ftp/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12 cp -rv /mnt/cd/* /var/ftp/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12 配置dhcp vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf ddns-update-style interim; ignore client-updates; next-server 192.168.44.250; filename "pxelinux.0"; allow booting; allow bootp; subnet 192.168.44.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { # — default gateway option routers 192.168.44.1; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; # option nis-domain “domain.org”; option domain-name "chaoxing.com"; option domain-name-servers 202.106.195.68; option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time range 192.168.44.100 192.168.44.120; } 编写ks.cfg文件 vim /var/ftp/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12/ks.cfg # ubuntuser kickstart file install url --url ftp://192.168.44.250/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12 preseed passwd/root-login boolean true lang en_US langsupport --default en_US.UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8 keyboard us mouse timezone Asia/Shanghai rootpw --disabled user john --fullname "john chu" --password chaoxing54321 reboot text #不管是传统分区方式还是自动lvm分区方式，当遇到硬盘本身带有lvm分区的时候依然会需要人为干预，这个问题我至今还没有解决，官方好像没有打算修复这个“bug”。目前我是使用再次创建一个全新的lvm覆盖老lvm的方式强制跳过那交互的。如下 bootloader --location=mbr zerombr yes clearpart --drives=sda --initlabel --all # 不设置swap时安装过程中会提示要不要重新添加swap分区part swap --size 4096
part /boot --fstype ext4 --size=256
part pv.01 --size=1 --grow
volgroup vg pv.01
logvol / --vgname=vg --size=1 --grow --name=lv
#用以下ubuntu kickstart seed文件的内容，可让live-installer使用默认lvm的分区方式
#d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
#d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
#d-i partman-auto/purge_lvm_from_device boolean true
#d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
#d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
#d-i partman-md/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
#d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
#d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
#d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
#d-i partman/default_filesystem string ext4
#d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true
#d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
#d-i partman/choose_partition select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
#d-i partman/confirm boolean true
#d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
#我测试的时候，发现如下这行，不写就会提示无法安装！
d-i live-installer/net-image string ftp://192.168.44.250/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12/install/filesystem.squashfs
auth --useshadow --enablemd5 network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 firewall --disabled skipx %packages @ Base openssh-server openssh-client vim gcc make 启动各项服务 /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart && /etc/init.d/xinetd restart && /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart 注意 如果使用kickstart方式必须用“ks=”指出ks文件位置，不能用“file=；如果要使用seed文件（就是内容是d-i开头那种），需要使用“preseed/url=”指出seed文件位置，且必须与ks格式文件配合使用不能没有“ks=”只有“preseed/url=” 以下seed文件可供参考也可以没有，是配合ks文件扩展使用的，如果需要追加seed文件，把txt.cfg中append后改成 append initrd=ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz ks=ftp://192.168.44.250/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12/ks.cfg live-installer/net-image=ftp://192.168.44.250/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12/install/filesystem.squashfs preseed/url=ftp://192.168.44.250/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12/ks.seed 创建ks.seed文件 vim /var/ftp/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12/ks.seed # ubuntu preseed file d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US d-i debian-installer/language string en d-i debian-installer/country string china d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8 #keyboard d-i console-setup/ask_detect boolean false d-i console-configuration/layoutcode string us d-i keyboard-configuration/modelcode string SKIP #clock d-i clock-setup/utc boolean false d-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai #network d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select Do not configure the network at this time d-i netcfg/get_hostname string test d-i netcfg/get_domain string test-domain d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string # Mirror d-i mirror/protocol string ftp #d-i mirror/country string china d-i mirror/http/hostname string 192.168.44.250 d-i mirror/http/directory string /pub/ks/ubuntuserver12 d-i mirror/http/proxy string #d-i mirror/http/mirror select 192.168.44.250 # clock d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true # partition d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda d-i partman-auto/method string regular d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic d-i partman/default_filesystem string ext4 d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true d-i partman/choose_partition select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk d-i partman/confirm boolean true #user #d-i passwd/root-login boolean true #d-i passwd/root-password-crypted password $1$3nGno0$c4rp7NcQRAcJV3AdzKV890 #d-i passwd/make-user boolean true d-i passwd/user-fullname string ubuntu d-i passwd/username string ubuntu #d-i passwd/user-password-crypted password $1$3nGno0$c4rp7NcQRAcJV3AdzKV890 d-i passwd/user-password password chaoxing54321 d-i passwd/user-password-again password chaoxing54321 d-i user-setup/allow-password-weak boolean true d-i user-setup/encrypt-home boolean false #package tasksel tasksel/first multiselect none d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server vim gcc make d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade d-i pkgsel/install-language-support boolean true d-i pkgsel/language-packs multiselect en, zh d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none # popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false d-i pkgsel/updatedb boolean true #grub d-i grub-installer/skip boolean false d-i lilo-installer/skip boolean true d-i grub-installer/grub2_instead_of_grup_legacy boolean true d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true # Finish d-i finish-install/keep-consoles boolean true d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean true d-i debian-installer/exit/halt boolean false d-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean false注意很多人在kickstart安装ubuntu时候出现这个如图的错误，
原因是在pxe启动的menu文件里append这行没有加上live-installer/net-image=ftp://192.168.44.250/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12/install/filesystem.squashfs，且
ks文件里没有写这样一行d-i live-installer/net-image string ftp://192.168.44.250/pub/ks/ubuntuserver12/install/filesystem.squashfs
本文转自 朱科强 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/zhukeqiang/1375268，如需转载请自行联系原作者